The Ethiopian Renaissance Dam and why Egypt
The Ethiopian Renaissance Dam and why Egypt? (2)
Ethiopia announced in February 2011 its intention to build a dam on the Blue Nile (taking advantage of the instability that Egypt experienced after the January 2011 revolution), which is known as the ( Hedassi ) Dam, 20-40 km from the Sudanese border, with a storage capacity of about 16.5 billion cubic meters.
The Italian company ( Salini ) by direct order and called it Project X and soon the name changed to the Great Millennium Dam and laid the foundation stone on the second of April 2011, then the name changed for the third time in the same month to become the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam and this dam is one of the four main dams proposed by a study US Bureau of Reclamation .
The dam construction timeline
1956 to 1964 : The final location of the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam was determined by the United States Bureau of Reclamation during a survey of the Blue Nile conducted between 1956 and 1964 without referring to Egypt according to the 1929 agreement .
October 2009 - August 2010 : The Ethiopian government conducted a site survey.
November 2010 : The design of the dam was completed .
March 31, 2011 : One day after the project was announced, a $4.8 billion contract was awarded without competitive bidding to the Italian company Salini.
April 2, 2011: The former Prime Minister of Ethiopia (Zenawi) laid the foundation stone for the dam a rock crusher has been established along with a small airstrip for rapid transport.
April 15, 2011 : The Ethiopian Cabinet renamed the dam the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam, as it was initially called Project X, and after the project contracts were announced, it was called the Millennium Dam.
May 2011 : Ethiopia announced that it will share the dam's plans with Egypt so that the extent of the dam's impact on the downstream can be studied .
March 2012 : The Ethiopian government announced a design upgrade for the dam's power plant, increasing it from 5,250 MW to 6000 MW.
July 2019 : The date on which the project is scheduled to be completed.
July 15, 2020: The Ethiopian Minister of Irrigation announced the start of filling the Renaissance Dam, despite the failure to reach an agreement between the three countries, Egypt, Sudan and Ethiopia, stressing that the recent satellite images of the Renaissance Dam were correct.
It is known that the Nile River stems from two main sources:
1. The Ethiopian plateau, which shares about 71 billion m3 at Aswan (85% of the Nile's revenue), through three main rivers: the Blue Nile (Abay) 50 billion m3, The Sobat River (Baru-Akobo) is 11 billion m3, and the Atbara (Tekezi) River is 11 billion m3.
2. The plateau of tropical lakes, which share about 13 billion m3 (15% of the Nile's revenue) include Lakes Victoria, Kyoga, Edward, George and Albert.
The Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (the Millennium Dam) is located about 20-40 km from the Sudanese border at the end of the Blue Nile in the Benishangul Gomuz region, which is dominated by metamorphic rocks, which are similar in composition to the Red Sea mountains rich in some important minerals and elements, such as gold, platinum, iron and copper. In addition to marble quarries .
Cost and financing
The cost of the Renaissance Dam is about 4.8 billion US dollars, which is expected to reach about 8 billion US dollars at the end of the project to overcome the geological problems that will face the project, and the Ethiopian government announced that it intends to fully finance the cost of the dam itself after accusing Egypt of inciting Donor countries not to participate, have issued bonds targeting Ethiopians in the country and abroad to this end .
construction
The main contractor for the project will be the Italian company ( Salini ) which also served as the main contractor for the Gilgel 1, Gilgel 2, Gilgel 3, Tana and Beles dams . It is expected to consume 10 million metric tons of concrete, and the government has pledged to use only locally produced concrete In March 2012 . The Blue Nile diversion was completed on May 28, 2013, and the celebration ceremony was marked on the same day.
international conventions
Regulating International Rivers and the Governing Legal Framework :
There are 270 common international rivers in the world .
At first, the definition of the international river was related to its navigability, because navigation was the only use of international river waters that received attention and regulation
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